A confirmatory test for the detection of lupus anticoagulants was established using the unique properties of the procoagulant component. There was no evidence found of any direct activity of the venom on the fibrinolytic system, platelets or the coagulation system, other then secondary activation to thrombin generation. In-vitro studies were performed with crude venom from the Papuan taipan to further elucidate the mechanism of the coagulopathy. Most factors returned to within the normal range by 48 hours. Its at least 7 feet long (2.1M)fast, agile, long fangs, and one of the most potent venoms in the venomous snake world. The indoor taipan is believed to be the most venomous land snake in the world. They are easily found in sugar cane fields due to the abundance of rats, their main food source. Recovery of haemostatic proteins were measured in eight patients post antivenom treatment at two hourly intervals. The Papuan taipan is black or purplish-gray, with a copper-colored stripe on the back. As expected from a prothrombin activating component, markers of thrombin generation (TAT and F1+2) were elevated. The coastal taipan is the only one with subspecies, the two subspecies would be the coastal taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus), that can be found along the northeast coast of Queensland, and the Papuan taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni), found in the southern coast of Papua New Guinea. Plasminogen and ?2-antiplasmin were consumed to median levels of 53.5 and 41.0u/dl respectively, which in addition to markedly elevated FDPs, indicated active fibrin(ogen)lysis. Furthermore, LY333013 improves the performance of antivenom even after it no longer reverses neurotoxic signs. Protein C was consumed to a median level of 44u/dl. A murine model of lethal envenoming by a Papuan taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) demonstrates that LY333013, even with delayed oral administration, improves the chances of survival. Of the physiological inhibitors measured. A range of factor levels were reduced, including factors II, V, VIII, IX, XI and XII, the most markedly reduced were factors V and VIII (median 5.0u/dl and 7.0u/dl respectively). Thawed solutions were kept on ice during experiments. Venom was dissolved in MilliQ water and stored at 20 ☌ until required. All 68 patients were severely defibrinated (120, APTT>180). The purpose of the work described in this thesis was to further knowledge about the circumstances and effects of envenoming by the Papuan taipan (Oxyuranus. scutellatus) venom was purchased from Venom Supplies (Tanunda, South Australia). 68 patients bitten by the taipan suffered a consumptive coagulopathy, caused by the presence of a prothrombin activator in the venom. The most dangerous include the Papuan taipan the smooth-scaled New Guinea death adder the rough-scaled New Guinea death adder the New Guinea brown snake the Papuan black snake and the New Guinea small-eyed snake. A wide range of haemostatic analytes were measured, comparing envenomed patients to 59 healthy Papuan controls. An examination of the haemostatic changes induced in 84 patients bitten by the Papuan taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni), 13 patients bitten by the death adder (Acanthophis sp) and 4 patients bitten by the Papuan Black snake (Pseudechis papuanus) were studied.
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